As the colder months start to come around, questions regarding maintenance for solar systems in harsher weather conditions often arise in the solar community. Solar panels are typically unaffected by the elements; however, charge controllers and batteries can be affected and require some precautionary measures. Solar panels (when all wiring is connected) do not react like standard electronics and will not short out if any type of moisture reaches them. Unlike charge controls and batteries, there are no moving parts within a solar panel; charge controls and batteries will either short out entirely or at the very least, encounter some sort of damage.
Certain batteries are equipped to handle more extreme temperatures than others; if you intend on using a solar system in these types of conditions it is strongly recommended to choose your battery accordingly. Even if the sun is present, in particularly cold climates batteries cannot accept a charge and it is advisable to not use any type of solar system if it is below 41 degrees Fahrenheit outside. If you are using a Gel or AGM battery as opposed to a lithium battery, you will have a greater functional temperature range. Gel and AGM batteries accept a charge as low as 32 degrees Fahrenheit and as high as 12 degrees Fahrenheit and can discharge from as low as -4 degrees Fahrenheit Renogy solar panels and wiring are manufactured to be protected against the elements; IP rated products are equipped to withstand a certain amount of water, dust, and debris without being negatively affected.
Many people choose to leave their solar panels attached to their unit throughout the year regardless if it is able to hold a charge. Water, snow, and mud won’t affect the integrity of the panels. With the exception of water, anything laying on top of the solar panels will however affect what kind of charge you get. Not commonly thought of variations of these elements on the other hand, such as salt water, will degrade and corrode the metals over time. While it’s not common to face these types of situations, some people opt to take an extra step to protect their panels. If you are unable to physically take the panels off and store them in a secure location when not in use, there are transparent coverings available to shield the panels from any unnecessary contact. For regular maintenance, it is sufficient to thoroughly rinse off your solar panels and check for any cracks or dents. Be sure to place your charge controllers and batteries indoors; these devices and any others associated with the panels, should be in an approved installation location. This essentially means a location without any moisture that will stay within the temperature range specified for those products.
If you know you’re going to be encountering extreme weather conditions with your solar system, try to oversize your battery bank and have a backup or generator hookup through your car alternator. Always be cognizant of where you plan to use your solar system and what external factors may affect it.
